NH3 is the most abundant alkaline gas in the atmosphere. Over 85% of NH3 is emitted from agricultural avtivities, including nitrogen fertilizer application to farmland and live stock husbandry systems. To reconcile the underestimated in current bottom-up NH3 emission estimates with the topdown results, we revisit the processes of agricultural NH3 emissions and develop an improved bottom-up inventory of Chinese NH3 emissions from fertilizer application and livestock waste at the 1/2◦ × 2/3◦ resolution. We further extend our bottom-up estimates of Chinese NH3 emissions to the years 2005–2016.